Dr Andrea Fejos
-
Email
afejos@essex.ac.uk -
Location
4SB.4.7, Colchester Campus
Profile
Biography
Dr Andrea Fejős is a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) at Essex Law School. She is also a Visiting Lecturer at the Business Law Centre of the University of Szeged and a Senior Fellow of the UK Higher Education Academy. Before joining Essex Law School in September 2015, Andrea was a Lecturer at the Faculty of Law and Business Studies, Dr Lazar Vrkatic in Serbia (2007-12). Andrea researches and teaches in the areas of consumer law, contract law and banking law. Her main research interest is retail financial services law at the intersection of consumer law and financial regulation, which she calls 'financial consumer law.' Within this, her current research focuses on: - responsible lending and responsible borrowing in the credit union sector - vulnerable consumer borrowers - protection of victims of authorised push payment fraud - the social role of banks and basic bank accounts - financial consumer law and digital technologies. Andrea's current work draws on her previous consumer law research on standard form contracts, unfair contract terms, consumer credit, consumer alternative dispute resolution, and enforcement of consumer rights, which she published in leading journals such as the Journal of Consumer Policy and the European Review of Private Law. Andrea’s research is doctrinal and socio-legal, and she enjoys being part of multi-disciplinary teams. Andrea is currently a supervisor in a knowledge transfer partnership project funded by Innovate UK to develop a new Digital Product Passport module for a SaaS provider to comply with the EU’s Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (2026-29). Previously, she was part of a team that explored the determinants of mental health resilience in Greenstead, funded by the North Essex Clinical Commissioning Group. Within these projects, her work focused on: · credit, food poverty and mental health · artificial intelligence, consumer law and sustainability. Andrea is passionate about improving the real lives of consumers. In addition to her academic work, Andrea served as a consumer protection advocate, a volunteer legal adviser to the National Consumer Protection Organisation of Serbia (2007-12), worked at the Oxford Citizens Advice Bureau as a researcher and financial education trainer (2015) and as a Trustee of the Colchester Citizens Advice Bureau (2019). Andrea has been an expert consultant for the EU Commission studies. She is an Individual Member of Finance Watch and a Coordinator of the work of the European expert group - Financial Inclusion Europe. She regularly delivers training at The Academy of European Law (ERA) to lawyers, judges, in-house counsels, and regulatory authorities. She is an author of a popular blog, 'Recent Developments in European Consumer Law', widely read by lawyers, policymakers, judges, practitioners, and academics. She has recently been appointed to the NPL Working Group, an advisory body to the European Commission on non-performing loans. In recognition of her work on influencing EU consumer law, in 2023 Andrea was awarded an Impact Award by the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Essex. Since 2020, Andrea has been working with the British credit union sector. In 2025, she published the Guide on Affordability Assessment for British Credit Unions, which is the first collection of best practices that represents a significant step toward strengthening lending standards within credit unions while preserving their role in serving financially vulnerable populations. The Guide was the result of a two-year project that included comprehensive research and collaborative dialogue with the credit union sector, the Financial Ombudsman Service, and the Financial Conduct Authority, with the support of the Association of British Credit Unions Limited (ABCUL). She is now working on creating an information sheet for credit union members on affordability assessment. At Essex Law School, Andrea co-created and was the first director of the Business Law Clinic (2023-25) and led the Law and Technology Strategy, resulting in the creation of the LLM in Law and Technology. Andrea also pioneered the use of large language models for teaching in learning with the Contract Law module. Andrea is currently the Director of Impact and Engagement and a module leader of LW224 Banking Law.
Qualifications
-
PhD University of Szeged, Hungary (2014)
-
LLM in Banking and Finance Law, Queen Mary, University of London (2014)
-
LLM in International Business Law, Central European University (2006)
-
LLB University of Novi Sad, Serbia (2004)
Appointments
University of Essex
-
Lecturer, Law, University of Essex (1/9/2015 - 23/10/2023)
-
Visiting Lecturer, Business Law Institute, University of Szeged, Faculty of Law and Political Scieneces (1/12/2022 - present)
-
Senior Lecturer, Essex Law School, University of Essex (1/10/2023 - present)
-
Director of Impact and Engagement, Essex Law School, University of Essex (1/1/2026 - present)
-
Business Law Clinic Director, Essex Law School, University of Essex (2023 - 2025)
-
Law and Technology Lead, Essex Law School, University of Essex (2022 - 2025)
Other academic
-
Lecturer, Law, Faculty of Law and Business Studies Dr Lazar Vrkatic, Union University (1/9/2007 - 1/9/2012)
-
External Examiner, Dickson Poon School of Law, King's College University of London (2021 - 2024)
-
Visiting Scholar, School of Law, University of California, Berkeley (2010 - 2010)
Research and professional activities
Research interests
Consumer law and policy
I am interested in matters of general consumer law such as unfair contract terms, unfair commercial practices and enforcement of consumer rights (alternative dispute resolution and collective court actions), consumer law and sustainability and the impact of digitalisation on consumer rights and protections. I am also interested in theoretical foundations of consumer law and in influences of socio-economic research on consumer law.
Financial consumer law/protection of users of retail financial services
I have a particular interest in the specialised area of financial consumer law or retail financial services law, in areas of consumer lending, payments and insurance; within these, the interplay between general consumer law rules and special financial consumer law rules, or private law of financial contracts and public regulation of contracts in finding the optimal solutions for financial inclusion, fighting poverty and marginalisation and ensuring the protection of the financially vulnerable.
Conferences and presentations
Automated Contracts and Financial Inclusion
Financial Inclusion Europe meeting, online, 27/10/2023
Automated Consumer Credt Contracts: Fiction or Reality?
2nd Lawtomation Conference, IE University, Madrid, Spain, 28/9/2023
Smart Contracts and Financial Inclusion
18th International Association of Consumer Law Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 20/7/2023
Consumer Credit and Mortgage Credit
Invited presentation, Summer Course on Consumer Law, The Academy of European Law, Trier, Germany, 6/7/2023
Research into Financial Ombudsman Sevice Affordability Complaints
Invited presentation, Association of British Credit Unions Limited Annual Conference 2023, Manchester, 17/3/2023
Consumer Credit, Mortgage Credit and Main EU legal instruments on cross-border payments
Invited presentation, Summer Course on EU Consumer Law, The Academy of European Law, Trier, Germany, 7/7/2022
Singleness as a dimension of consumer vulnerability
Singleness, 5/7/2022
Inivted Panelist, Financial Law and Regulation Conference
Invited presentation, Society of Legal Scholars, Banking and Finance Section, Univercity College London, Bentham House, London, 1/7/2022
Vulnerability in Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution: the UK Financial Ombudsman Service, Fairness and Reasonableness, and the Law
Vulnerability Accross Disciplines, Newcastle University, 8/10/2021
Recent CJEU case law on consumer matters
Invited presentation, Annual Conference on EU Consumer Law, The Academy of European Law, Trier, Germany, 7/10/2021
Consumer Credit and Mortgage Credit
Invited presentation, Summer Course on EU Consumer Law, The Academy of European Law, Online, 8/7/2021
CJEU case law on consumer protection in financial services
Invited presentation, Consumer Protection in Financial Services, The Academy of European Law, Trier, Germany, 28/3/2019
Social Justice in EU Financial Consumer Law
The Responsible Consumer in Digital Age – International and Nordic Perspectives on Consumer Financial Protection, Copenhagen, Denmark, 31/5/2018
The obligation to assess consumers’ creditworthiness in the UK
Invited presentation, International Conference: the New Paradigm of Consumer Creditworthiness, A Coruña, Spain, 27/10/2017
Recent CJEU case-law on consumer matters
Invited presentation, Annual Conference on European Consumer Law 2017, Academy of European Law, Trier, Germany, 12/10/2017
Challenges in Regulating the Culture of Credit Providers: The UK Experience
Invited presentation, Possible Directions in Improving the Fairness of Contract Terms and Other Aspects of Consumer Lending, 4/4/2017
'Consumer Protection and New Technologies: The Role of Ethics in FinTech Revolution' at University of Essex, Newton Conference: Ethics and Challenges in Chinese Financial Markets, 25 March 2017
Colchester, United Kingdom, 2017
'Strenghtening Consumer Protection and Trust in Key Fileds such as Credit' at University of Oxford, SLS Conference, 7 September 2016
Oxford, United Kingdom, 2016
'Post-crisis EU financial services law: a new direction in consumer protection?' at University of Szeged, School of Law, PhD seminar, September 2015
Szeged, Hungary, 2015
The Vision of a Modern Consumer of Financial Services: the Evolution of EU Law from Free Market to Social Justice Oriented Approach at LSETransnational Law and Social Justice conference, June 2015
London, United Kingdom, 2015
Creating a Legal Regime that Supports Sustainable Access to Financial Services at University of Amsterdam, School of Law,15th International Conference on Consumer Law: Virtues and Consumer Law, July 2015
Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2015
Teaching and supervision
Current teaching responsibilities
-
Contract Law (LW101)
-
Banking Law (LW224)
-
Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Law (LW340)
-
Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Law (LW655)
Current supervision
Previous supervision
Degree subject: Law
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 10/9/2025
Degree subject: Law
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 8/2/2024
Degree subject: Law
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 4/10/2021
Degree subject: Law
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 1/3/2021
Publications
Journal articles (16)
Hansen, L., Fejos, A., Zeng, J. and Gentile, G., (2025). Teaching contract law with large language models: refining errorful learning for the digital age. Law Teacher. 59 (4), 833-868
Van Praag, E., Steenot, R., Eidsand Kjorven, M., Halvorsen Omland, LP., Guimaraes, MR., Jansen, K., Breukelaar, S. and Fejos, A., (2025). Authorized Push Payment Fraud: Suggestions for the Draft Payment Services Regulation. European Review of Private Law. 33 (5-6), 1039-1072
Fejos, A., (2022). Substantive harmonisation of cost caps on consumer credit: one step forward two steps sideways. European Journal of Consumer Law. 2022 (2), 245-272
Fejős, A., (2021). From Information Provision to (Direct and Indirect) Product Intervention; Case Note on Soho Group (C-686/19). Journal of European Consumer and Market Law. 10 (5), 200-206
Fejős, A., (2020). Regulating the fairness of (loan) contracts. A case-note on OTP Bank and Dunai. European Journal of Consumer Law (2), 353-363
Fejős, A., (2019). Social justice in EU financial consumer law. Tilburg Law Review. 24 (1), 68-88
Fejős, A., (2018). Consumer ADR in Hungary. Journal of European Consumer and Market Law. 7 (3), 116-120
Fejős, A. and Willett, C., (2016). Consumer Access to Justice: The Role of the ADR Directive and the Member States. European Review of Private Law. 24 (1), 33-60
Fejős, A., (2015). Achieving Safety and Affordability in the UK Payday Loans Market. Journal of Consumer Policy. 38 (2), 181-202
Fejős, A., (2013). The Impact of EU Norms and Policies on Consumer Protection Enforcement in Serbia. Journal of Consumer Policy. 36 (3), 247-268
Fejős, A., (2009). The Impact of Information on Responsible Lending and Responsible Borrowing in the European Union. Pravni zivot (Legal Life- Serbian Journal of Legal Studies). 6 (12), 751-764
Fejős, A., (2008). Consumer protection in sales transactions in Hungary. Acta Juridica Hungarica. 49 (4), 441-468
Fejős, A. and Papović, G., (2008). Uloga Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju u zaštiti potrošaca (The Role of Stabilization and Association Agreement in Consumer Protection). Izazovi Evropskih integracija (Challenges of European Integration). 1 (1), 45-60
Fejős, A., (2007). Battle of the Forms under the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG): the Application and Interpretation of Art. 19 CISG. Pravni zivot (Legal Life- Serbian Journal of Legal Studies). 4 (12), 451-464
Fejős, A., (2007). Battle of the Forms under the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG): A Uniform Solution?. Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration. 11 (1), 113-129
Fejős, A., (2004). Az emberi jogok magasabb védelme Vajdaságban: jogrendszerünk új intezménye – az ombudsman (Higher Protection of Human Rights: the Role of Ombudsman in Vojvodina). Létünk (Our Existence: Society, Science, Culture -Interdisciplinary Journal of the Hungarian Minority in Serbia). 3-4, 17-35
Book chapters (9)
Fejos, A., Vessio, M. and Miglionico, A., The Consumer Standard of Caution Exception to the UK’s Authorised Push Payment Fraud Reimbursement Requirement in the Digital Age. Elsevier BV
Amajuoyi, U. and Fejős, A., (2023). Mind the Consumer Protection Gap: the UK Financial Ombudsman Service, Fairness and Reasonableness, and the Law. In: Protecting Financial Consumers in Europe Comparative Perspectives and Policy Choices. Editors: Tereszkiewicz, P. and Golecki, M., . Brill. 253- 281. 978-90-04-53438-4
Fejős, A., (2013). Fairness of Contract Terms in European and Serbian Law. In: Strengthening Consumer Protection in Serbia. Editors: Bourgoignie, T. and Jovanić, T., . University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law. 186- 201
Fejős, A., (2010). The Features of New Directive on Consumer Credit. Wolters Kluwer Romania. 618- 633
Fejős, A., (2009). Vansusko rešavanje sporova potrošača u Srbiji: sadašnje stanje i preporuke za novu zakonsku regulativu (Out-of-Court Consumer Dispute Resolution in Serbia: Current State and Recommendations for the Future). National Consumers’ Association of Serbia. 43- 58
Fejős, A., (2009). Potrošač u uslovima društveno-ekonomske krize: problem prezaduženosti korisnika kredita sa posebnim osvrtom na prevenciju prezaduženosti (Consumers in Socio-Economic Crisis: the Problem of Over-indebtedness with Special Emphasis on the Prevention of Over-indebtedness). Faculty of Law and Business Studies, Novi Sad. 219- 239
Fejős, A., (2008). Potrošačka mirovna tela u Mađarskoj - model vansudskog rešavanja sporova potrošača u Srbiji? (Consumer Arbitration Boards in Hungary – Models for Out-of-Court Consumer Dispute Resolution in Serbia?). 483- 500
Fejős, A., (2005). Tulajdnovédelem és az emberi jogok (Property Protection and Human Rights). Vajdasági Magyar Felsőoktatási Kollégium (Hungarian College of Higher Education). 338- 354
Fejős, A., (2004). Az ombudsman Vajdaságban (Ombudsman in Vojvodina). Vajdasági Magyar Felsőoktatási Kollégium (Hungarian College of Higher Education). 188- 208
Reports and Papers (7)
Fejős, A., (2025). Affordability Assessment for British Credit Unions: Guidance on small-value short-term loans
Fejos, A., (2025). National Report for Hungary (pp 254-272) in Mapping third-party litigation funding in the EU by E. Lein, C. Bonzé, R. Salim, F. Alleweldt, S. Kara
Fejős, A. and Szűcs, M., (2021). Hungary (pp 296-311) in European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers, Migliorini, S., Lein, E., Bonzé, C., et al., Study on the Rome II Regulation (EC) 864/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations
Fejős, A. and Willett, C., (2018). The obligation to assess consumers’ creditworthiness in the UK in Jose Manuel Busto Lago (ed.) El Nuevo paradigm de la solvenicia del consumidor de creditor en la Union Europea,
Fejős, A. and Herczeg, Á., (2017). Hungary-Report in State of collective redress in the EU in the context of the implementation of the Commission Recommendation
Fejős, A., (2017). Mortgage Credit in Hungary
Other (4)
Fejos, A., Response submitted to the EU Commission regarding the public consultation on Directive 2008/48/EC on Consumer Credit
Fejos, A., Response to the Finacial Conduct Authority's Consultation Paper CP 18/13 on Overdrafts
Fejos, A., (2026).Response to Treasury Committee inquiry on the Financial Inclusion Strategy,UK Parliament, Treasury Committee
Fejos, A., (2026).Reponse to Fair4All Finance Dormant Asset Scheme consultation
Grants and funding
2025
Training on the Guide on Affordability Assessment for the British Credit Union Sector (�Guide�)
University of Essex (QR Impact Fund)
Smart Borrowing in the British Credit Union Sector
University of Essex (QR Impact Fund)
To develop a new Digital Product Passport module for a SaaS provider to comply with the upcoming EU's �Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation� (ESPR), aiming to improve product circularity and transparency.
Innovate UK (formerly Technology Strategy Board)
2024
Mapping Third Party Litigation Funding in the European Union
British Institute of International and Comparative Law
2023
Civil law rules applicable to smart contracts
VVA Brussels s.p.r.l.
Exploring determinants of Mental Health Resilience in Greenstead
North East Essex Clinical Commissioning Group
Guide on affordability assessment for British credit unions
University of Essex (QR Impact Fund)
Contact
Follow me on social media