Dr Marina Lostal
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Email
ml20391@essex.ac.uk -
Location
4SB.5.19, Colchester Campus
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Academic support hours
By appointment
Profile
Biography
Marina Lostal is a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Essex, with over twelve years of experience in research, teaching, and international legal practice. She holds a PhD and an LL.M. from the European University Institute (Florence) and an LL.M. from the University of Cambridge. Her career spans academic appointments in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China, Australia, and Argentina. Her research focuses on the protection of cultural property in armed conflict, international criminal law, reparations, rights of nature and animal protection. She has extensive experience in practice, including work at the International Criminal Court, where she was appointed expert in the reparations phase of Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi and later served as a Reparations Expert at the ICC Trust Fund for Victims. She has consulted for UNESCO, Geneva Call, and the Colombian Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), and her research has been cited and used by international and hybrid courts, including the ICC and the JEP. More recently, she actively contributed to the ICC Office of the Prosecutor’s Draft Policy on environmental crimes, where she advocated for the legal recognition of natural entities as potential victims of international crimes. She is the Principal Investigator of an APEX Award (2025–2027) for a pioneering project exploring how reparations can be designed for rivers as legal and natural entities. She has also been awarded an AHRC grant as Co-Investigator on a project examining the establishment of an Indigenous University in Colombia from a human rights perspective, among other grants. She is the author of the monograph International Cultural Heritage Law in Armed Conflict (Cambridge University Press) and has published in leading journals including the Journal of International Criminal Justice and the International Journal of Cultural Property, as well as in edited volumes with Oxford, Cambridge, and Edward Elgar. She is a member of the IUCN World Commission on Environmental Law and the International Law Association Committee on Safeguarding Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict.
Qualifications
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PhD European University Institute, (2013)
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LLM in Comparative, European and International Law European University Institute, (2010)
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Master of Law University of Cambridge, (2009)
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Licenciatura en Derecho Universidad de Zaragoza, (2008)
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Master in Animal Law and Society Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, (2020)
Appointments
University of Essex
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Senior Lecturer, Essex Law School, University of Essex (24/7/2020 - present)
Teaching and supervision
Current teaching responsibilities
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Heritage and Human Rights (AR959)
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Human Rights: Theories and Applications (HU901)
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Comparative Law (LW205)
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Public International Law (LW218)
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International Human Rights: Theories and Institutions (LW924)
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Current Challenges in the Law of Armed Conflict (LW804)
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Final Year Research Project (LW304)
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Legal Research Skills (LW254)
Previous supervision
Degree type: Occasional Postgraduate Study
Awarded date: 22/7/2024
Degree subject: Law
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 7/3/2023
Publications
Journal articles (17)
Colon Rios, J. and Lostal, M., The Rights of Nature: Three Models. Sortuz: Oñati Journal of Emergent Socio-Legal Studies. 15 (2), 457-482
Lostal, M., (2026). Till the Rules of Procedure and Evidence Do Us Part: Should Deceased Persons Be Admitted as Victims before the ICC?. International Criminal Law Review, 1-34
Lostal, M., (2025). One-Dimensional Law: A Critique of the Human Right to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment. The International Journal of Human Rights. 29 (5), 816-841
Lostal, M., Shanker, A. and Calley, D., (2024). One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: The Search For ‘Rights’ in the Ecuador Animal Rights Bill [Un paso adelante, dos atrás: la búsqueda de ‘derechos’ en el proyecto de ley sobre derechos de los animales en Ecuador]. Derecho Animal - Animal and Legal Policy Studies. 2 (1), 504-587
Lostal, M., (2021). De-objectifying Animals: could they qualify as victims before the International Criminal Court?. Journal Of International Criminal Justice. 19 (3), 583-610
Lostal, M., (2021). Implementing Reparations in the Al Mahdi Case: A Story of Monumental Challenges in Timbuktu. Journal of International Criminal Justice. 19 (4), 831-853
Lostal, M., (2017). The Misplaced Emphasis on the Intangible Dimension of Cultural Heritage in the Al Mahdi Case at the ICC. Inter Gentes - The McGill Journal of International Law & Legal Pluralism. 1 (2), 45-58
Lostal, M., Hausler, K. and Bongard, P., (2017). Armed Non-State Actors and Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict. International Journal of Cultural Property. 24 (4), 407-427
Lostal, M. and Gillett, M., (2017). Reflexiones Sobre El Caso Prlic Et Al. (Reflections on the Prlic Et Al. Case). En Letra: Derecho Penal. 1 (5), 1-12
Gillett, M. and Lostal, M., (2017). “Reflexiones Sobre el Caso Prlić et al.”. En Letra: Derecho Penal. 3 (5)
Lostal, M. and Cunliffe, E., (2016). Cultural heritage that heals: factoring in cultural heritage discourses in the Syrian peacebuilding process. Historic Environment: Policy and Practice. 7 (2-3), 248-259
Cunliffe, E., Muhesen, N. and Lostal, M., (2016). The Destruction of Cultural Property in the Syrian Conflict: Legal Implications and Obligations. International Journal of Cultural Property. 23 (1), 1-31
Lostal, M., (2015). Syria's world cultural heritage and individual criminal responsibility. International Review of Law. 2015 (1), 3-3
Lostal, M. and Vasconcelos Vilaça, G., (2015). The Bamiyazation of Cultural Heritage and the Silk Road Economic Belt: Challenges and Opportunities for China. The Chinese Journal of International Law. 3, 329-347
Lostal, M., (2013). The Role of Specific Discipline Principles in International Law: A Parallel Analysis between Environmental and Cultural Heritage Law. Nordic Journal of International Law. 82 (3), 391-415
Becerril, ML., (2012). THE MEANING AND PROTECTION OF ‘CULTURAL OBJECTS AND PLACES OF WORSHIP’ UNDER THE 1977 ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS. Netherlands International Law Review. 59 (03), 455-472
Lostal, M., (2012). La Protección de Bienes Culturales en el Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Ex Yugoslavia (The Protection of Cultural Property under the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia). Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales. 24, 1-25
Books (2)
Lostal, M., (2017). International Cultural Heritage Law in Armed Conflict Case-Studies of Syria, Libya, Mali, the Invasion of Iraq, and the Buddhas of Bamiyan. Cambridge University Press. 1316763897. 978-1107169210
Lostal, M., Hunter, E. and Utmelidze, I., (2017). Crimes against Humanity. Case Matrix Network
Book chapters (6)
Lostal, M., (2026). 'Animals in International Criminal Law and an Emerging Ecocide Norm: Invisible, Objectified, Excluded'. In: The Oxford Handbook of Global Animal Law. Editors: Peters, A., Stilt, K. and Stucki, S., . Oxford University Press
Lostal, M. and Colon-Rios, J., (2025). Diagnóstico comparado de la puesta en práctica de derechos de la Naturaleza. In: Derechos de la Naturaleza desde el Mediterráneo. Las políticas ecológicas en el contexto de la globalización. Editors: Martinez Dalmau, R. and Pedro Bueno, A., . Piero Editorial. 30- 48. 978-84-129876-5-2
Lostal, M., (2023). Reparations for Cultural Heritage Destruction at the ICC and the Limits of Human Rights. In: Arts and Human Rights A Multidisciplinary Approach to Contemporary Issues. Editors: Gantheret, F., Guibert, N. and Stolk, S., . Edward Elgar. 282- 305. 978 1 80220 814 6
Lostal, M., (2022). Reparation and Rehabilitation. In: Animals in the International Law of Armed Conflict. Editors: Peters, A., de Hemptinne, J. and Kolb, R., . Cambridge University Press. 334- 347. 1316512045. 9781316512043
Lostal, M., (2022). The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict and Occupation. In: International Conflict and Security Law: A Research Handbook. Editors: Sayapin, S., Atadjanov, R., Kadam, U., Kemp, G., Zambrana Tévar, N. and Quénivet, N., . T.M.C. Asser Press. 443- 467. 978-94-6265-515-7
Lostal, M., (2020). Islamic State and the Illicit Traffic of Cultural Property. In: The International Criminal Responsibility of War's Funders and Profiteers. Editors: Jørgensen, NHB., . Cambridge University Press. 122- 147. 978-1-108-48361-2
Reports and Papers (5)
Lostal, M., Comment on the ICC - OTP Environmental Crimes Policy, “The Environment and the ICC Legal Framework concerning Victims” (16 March 2024)
Lostal, M., (2025). Comment on the Office of the Prosecutor Draft Policy on Environmental Crimes (Second round of consultations)
Lostal, M., Hausler, K. and Bongard, P., (2018). Culture under Fire: Armed Non-State Actors and Cultural Heritage in Wartime
Lostal, M., (2017). Expert Report – Reparations Phase The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi (International Criminal Court) ICC-01/12-01/15-214-AnxII-Red2 (3 May 2017)
Lostal, M. and Cunliffe, E., (2016). The Aftermath of Destruction of Cultural Heritage: Factoring In Cultural Rights in Post-Conflict Recovery Processes
Other (6)
Gillett, M. and Lostal, M., (2025).Charging Environmental Damage before the Colombian Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (Policy Brief 13-2025),German Colombian Peace Institute – CAPAz
Lostal, M., (2021).The Ntaganda Reparations Order: a marked step towards a victim-centred reparations legal framework at the ICC, EJIL Talk!
Lostal, M., Hausler, K. and Bongard, P., (2019).20 Years of the Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict: Have All the Gaps Been Filled?,EJIL Talk!
Lostal, M., (2016).The ICC convicts Al Mahdi for the destruction of cultural heritage in Mali
Lostal, M., (2016).Prosecutor v. Al Mahdi: A Positive New Direction for the ICC?
Lostal, M., (2015).ICC opens a case for the destruction of cultural heritage in Mali,Global Policy Forum
Grants and funding
2026
Enhancing Local Capacity for Cauca River War Reparations: Integrating Ecotoxicology and Legal Expertise and Networks
University of Essex (Research England - PSF)
2025
Consolidating Peace and Indigenous Rights through Higher Education - a new Biocultural Indigenous University in the Andean Amazon of Colombia: Initial Engagement
University of Essex (ESRC IAA)
Combatting Ecocide
University of Essex (QR Impact Fund)
Navigating Riverine War Reparations: The case of the Cauca River
The Royal Society
2024
Crimes against cultural heritage in the Colombian conflict context
Instituto Colombo-Alem�n para la Paz (CAPAZ)
Crimes against cultural heritage in the Colombian conflict context
Instituto Colombo-Alem�n para la Paz (CAPAZ)
2022
Legal, Human Rights, Cultural and Environmental aspects of founding a Biocultural Indigenous University in the Andean Amazon of Colombia
Arts and Humanities Research Council
Contact
Academic support hours:
By appointment