Dr ZhiMin Xiao
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Email
zhimin.xiao@essex.ac.uk -
Location
2S2.5.09, Colchester Campus
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Academic support hours
Please email to make an appointment.
Profile
Biography
Passionate about education programmes that unbar the gate without lowering the bar and opportunities for lifelong, professional, and interdisciplinary learning, I re-trained and up-skilled in Data Science and Medical Anthropology, a spirit that is in tune with the UK Government’s strategy to train, re-train, and up-skill the Country’s workforce through the Lifelong Learning Entitlement. Motivated by social problems such as inequities in health and education and structural violence such as poverty, racism, injustice, and human rights abuse, I joined the School of Health and Social Care at the University of Essex in 2021. For years, my research revolved around evidence generation, synthesis, and communication, on topics about education, child and adolescent health and wellbeing. Increasingly, I am interested in trauma-informed and rights-based approaches to research into the same topics and the extraordinary stress of ordinary life, to which different people respond in different ways. As a social data scientist, I look back on the past in order to look better into the future. This means I examine both qualitative and quantitative data generated in the past, identify patterns, derive insights, make (factual or counterfactual) predictions, so as to construct richer understandings of the past and/or inform better decision-making for the future. Understanding well what we observe right in front of our eyes is usually ethnographically invisible, I employ mixed methods in my research and often draw on inspirations from Medical Anthropology and value lived experiences, elements that are often difficult to measure or resist measuring. As a research methodologist in Education, Health, and Social Care, I have collaborated with colleagues from multiple disciplines. Prior to joining Essex, I worked at Durham University on an Education Endowment Foundation-funded project where we (re-)analysed datasets from many large-scale school-based randomised controlled trials aiming to improve health and educational outcomes for children and young people. In the past few years, I proposed an individualised approach to impact/treatment evaluation. By demonstrating where an intervention/treatment worked, for whom, and by how much, using observational and experimental datasets collected from large-scale and often longitudinal studies, the individualised approach I have been working on has implications for not only policymakers in education, public health, and other government services, but also decision makers in clinical settings.
Qualifications
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PhD Durham University,
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MA, MPhil University of Cambridge,
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MSc, MSc University of Oxford,
Appointments
University of Essex
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Senior Lecturer, University of Essex (2021 - present)
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Elected Member of Senate, University of Essex (1/2/2025 - present)
Research and professional activities
Research interests
Causal Inference
Evidence-Informed Policy and Practice
Data Science for Health and Education
Child Health
Digital Education
Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT)
Racism and Health
Mixed Methods Research
Teaching and supervision
Current teaching responsibilities
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Introduction to Health Informatics and Applied Epidemiology (HS680)
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Data Collection, Analysis and Interpretation (HS908)
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Introduction to Epidemiology (HS885)
Previous supervision
Degree subject: Clinical Psychology (D Clin Psych)
Degree type: Professional Doctorate
Awarded date: 18/12/2025
Degree subject: Public Health
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 9/5/2025
Degree type: Professional Doctorate
Awarded date: 15/9/2023
Publications
Publications (1)
Xiao, Z., (2017). ‘You Are Too Out!’: A mixed methods study of the ways in which digital divides articulate status and power in China
Journal articles (14)
Parker, K., Nunns, M., Xiao, Z., Ford, T., Stallard, P., Kuyken, W., Axford, N. and Ukoumunne, OC., (2025). Patterns of intra-cluster correlation coefficients in school-based cluster randomised controlled trials of interventions for improving social-emotional functioning outcomes in pupils: a secondary data analysis of five UK-based studies.. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 25 (1), 120-
Jiang, X. and Xiao, Z., (2024). “Struggling like fish out of water”: a qualitative case study of Chinese international students’ acculturative stress in the UK. Frontiers in Education. 9, 1398937-
Xiao, Z., Hauser, O., Kirkwood, C., Li, DZ., Ford, T. and Higgins, S., (2024). Uncovering individualised treatment effects for educational trials. Scientific Reports. 14 (1), 22606-
Parker, K., Nunns, M., Xiao, Z., Ford, T. and Ukoumunne, OC., (2023). Intra-cluster correlation coefficients from school-based cluster randomised trials of interventions for improving health outcomes in pupils. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 158, 18-26
Parker, K., Eddy, S., Nunns, M., Xiao, Z., Ford, T., Eldridge, S. and Ukoumunne, OC., (2022). Systematic review of the characteristics of school-based feasibility cluster randomised trials of interventions for improving the health of pupils in the UK. Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 8 (1), 132-
Parker, K., Nunns, M., Xiao, Z., Ford, T. and Ukoumunne, OC., (2021). Characteristics and practices of school-based cluster randomised controlled trials for improving health outcomes in pupils in the United Kingdom: a methodological systematic review. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 21 (1), 152-
Parker, K., Nunns, MP., Xiao, Z., Ford, T. and Ukoumunne, OC., (2021). Characteristics and practices of school-based cluster randomised controlled trials for improving health outcomes in pupils in the UK: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open. 11 (2), e044143-e044143
Xiao, Z. and Higgins, S., (2021). Of Young People and Internet Cafés. Frontiers in Psychology. 12, 603992-
Xiao, Z., (2020). Mobile phones as life and thought companions. Research Papers in Education. 35 (5), 511-528
Xiao, Z., (2020). ‘You Are Too Out!’: A mixed methods study of the ways in which digital divides articulate status and power in China. Information Development. 36 (2), 257-270
Uwimpuhwe, G., Singh, A., Higgins, S., Coux, M., Xiao, Z., Shkedy, Z. and Kasim, A., (2020). Latent Class Evaluation in Educational Trials: What Percentage of Children Benefits from an Intervention?. Journal of Experimental Education. 90 (2), 404-418
Xiao, Z., Higgins, S. and Kasim, A., (2019). An Empirical Unraveling of Lord's Paradox. Journal of Experimental Education. 87 (1), 17-32
Xiao, Z. and Higgins, S., (2018). The power of noise and the art of prediction. International Journal of Educational Research. 87, 36-46
Xiao, Z., Kasim, A. and Higgins, S., (2016). Same difference? Understanding variation in the estimation of effect sizes from educational trials. International Journal of Educational Research. 77, 1-14
Book chapters (1)
Xiao, Z. and Higgins, S., (2014). When English Meets Chinese in Tibetan Schools: Towards an Understanding of Multilingual Education in Tibet. In: Trilingualism in Education in China: Models and Challenges. Editors: Feng, A. and Adamson, B., . Springer Netherlands. 117- 140. 978-9401793513
Reports and Papers (3)
Xiao, Z., Henley, W., Boyle, C., Gao, Y. and Dillon, J., (2020). The Face Mask and the Embodiment of Stigma
Hutton, C., Lukes, S., Xiao, Z., Abdulkader, MS., Choudhury, R., Gulaid, A., Sadia, S. and Zere, A., (2015). Trusting the Dice: Immigration Advice in Tower Hamlets
Higgins, S., Xiao, Z. and Katsipataki, M., (2012). The Impact of Digital Technology on Learning: A Summary for the Education Endowment Foundation
Other (1)
Uwimpuhwe, G., Singh, A., Higgins, S., Xiao, Z., De Troyer, E., Kasim, A. and Vallis, D., (2023).eefAnalytics: Robust Analytical Methods for Evaluating Educational Interventions using Randomised Controlled Trials Designs,CRAN
Grants and funding
2026
The University of Essex and Spread a Smile KTP
Innovate UK (formerly Technology Strategy Board)
2022
Physical and Mental Health and Wellbeing across the Lifespan
East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust
Contact
Academic support hours:
Please email to make an appointment.