Professor Clara Sandoval-Villalba
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Email
csando@essex.ac.uk -
Location
Colchester Campus
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Academic support hours
By appointment only. Please email csando@essex.ac.uk for an appointment
Profile
Biography
Clara Sandoval is a qualified lawyer, Professor in the School of Law at Essex University, member of the Human Rights Centre and Co-Director of the Essex Transitional Justice Network. She has been Acting Director of the Human Rights Centre, Director of the Essex Transitional Justice Network (ETJN), and former Director of the LLM in International Human Rights Law. Clara is also part of the Faculty teaching at the Master in Transitional Justice, Human Rights and the Rule of Law at the Geneva Academy. She teaches and researches on areas related to the Inter-American System of Human Rights, Transitional Justice and the Right to Reparation. She is co-author with Furuya, S., and Correa, C., of the book Reparations for Victims of Armed Conflicts (Third volume of the Max Planck Trialogues on the Law of Peace and War, edited by Anne Peters and Christian Marxsen, CUP, 2020) and of Doctrine, Practice, and Advocacy in the Inter-American Human Rights System, with Cavallaro, J., Vargas, C., Duhaime, B., and others (OUP, 2019). Clara is currently involved in various research projects. She has is a co-investigator of the AHRC GCRF Urgency Grant "Legitimacy, Accountability, Victims' Participation and Reparation in Transitional Justice Settings - Lessons from and for Colombia," where she leads the work on victims' participation before the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), sanciones propias and hearings on recognition of responsibility. Clara is also a co-investigator of the AHRC funded project "Reparations, Responsibility and Victimhood in Transitional Societies" which is looking at domestic reparation programmes in Colombia, Guatemala, Peru, Nepal, Northern Ireland and Uganda and at key themes such as reparation for victims of sexual violence, the role of non-state actors, and complex victimhood. More on this project, including publications, can be found at: https://reparations.qub.ac.uk She was until recently a co-investigator of a major ESRC funded "Human Rights Law Implementation Project", looking at the factors that hinder or enable implementation of reparation orders/recommendations (in individual cases/petitions/communications) of regional systems and UN treaty bodies. She was responsible for the Americas part of the project, looking at specific cases in Canada, Colombia and Guatemala. A key output of the project, the Special Issue "Righting Wrongs: The Dynamics of Implementing International Human Rights Decisions" was published in 2020 in the Journal of Human Rights Practice. Clara has worked as a consultant for the ICC in the area of reparations (Lubanga) and was also appointed in 2017 as one of four experts by the ICC to advice the Court on various questions surrounding the award of reparations in the Jean Pierre Bemba case (Situation in the Central African Republic). She also engages in human rights litigation, training and capacity building with organisations such as REDRESS. Her latest litigation before the Inter-American System is the case of Azul Rojas Marin and Other v. Peru, decided by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in March 2020. Clara has also been a consultant for the UN OHCHR for which she wrote the Special Issue on Transitional Justice and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the UN Guidance Note of the Secretary-General on Reparations for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence. More recently, in 2018-2019 Clara supported the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-repetition in the preparation (consultation and writing) of the report on best practice and lessons learned on domestic reparation programmes. Between 2018-2020 Clara led a team of experts in the preparation of an expert report on reparation in an emblematic massacre that took place in Mexico in 2012. The report was presented to the CEAV in Mexico in 2020. Clara also worked as a consultant to the Transitional Justice of the Ministry of Justice in Colombia providing advice on transitional justice issues during the peace negotiations with the FARC.
Research and professional activities
Research interests
Public International Law
International Human Rights Law
Transitional Justice
Legal Theory
Constitutional Law
Business and Human Rights
Reparations
Teaching and supervision
Current teaching responsibilities
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Transitional Justice (LW927)
Previous supervision
Degree subject: Human Rights
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 16/3/2022
Degree subject: Human Rights
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 17/2/2022
Degree subject: Human Rights
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 13/8/2021
Degree subject: Law
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 2/7/2021
Degree subject: Law
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 4/8/2016
Publications
Journal articles (17)
Sandoval, C., Martínez-Carrillo, H. and Cruz-Rodríguez, M., (2022). The challenges of implementing special sanctions (sanciones propias) in Colombia and providing retribution, reparation, participation and reincorporation. Journal of Human Rights Practice. 14 (2), 478-501
Moffett, L. and Sandoval-Villalba, C-L., (2021). Tilting at Windmills: Reparations and the International Criminal Court. Leiden Journal of International Law. 34 (2), 749-769
Sandoval, C., Leach, P. and Murray, R., (2021). Monitoramento, persuasão e promoção do diálogo: qual o papel dos organismos supranacionais de Direitos Humanos na implementação de decisões individuais?. Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas. 11 (2), 109-140
Sandoval-Villalba, C-L., Leach, P. and Murray, R., (2020). Monitoring, cajoling and promoting dialogue – what role for supranational human rights bodies in the implementation of individual decisions?. Journal of Human Rights Practice. 12 (1), 71-100
Sandoval-Villalba, C. and Murray, R., (2020). Balancing Specificity of Reparation Measures and States' Discretion to Enhance Implementation. Journal of Human Rights Practice. 12 (1), 101-124
Sandoval-Villalba, C-L., (2018). The Legal Standing and Significance of the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation. Heidelberg Journal of International Law. 78 (3), 565-568
Sandoval, C., (2018). Two steps forward, one step back: Reflections on the jurisprudential turn of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on domestic reparation programmes. The International Journal of Human Rights. 22 (9), 1192-1208
Engstrom, P., Hillebrecht, C., Huneeus, AV., Low, P. and Sandoval, CL., (2016). Strengthening the Impact of the Inter-American Human Rights System Through Scholarly Research
Sandoval, C., (2014). Transitional justice and social change. Sur. 11 (20), 180-189
Sandoval, C., (2014). Transitional Justice and Social Change. Sur : International Journal on Human Rights. 11 (20), 181-192
Sandoval, C., (2013). Transitional Justice and Violations of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Aportes DPLF. 18 (6), 8-11
Rubio-Marín, R. and Sandoval, C., (2011). Engendering the Reparations Jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: The Promise of the Cotton Field Judgment. Human Rights Quarterly. 33 (4), 1062-1091
Sandoval-Villalba, C., (2011). Reflexiones en Torno de la Ley de Justicia y Paz. Revista de Derecho Comparado
Sandoval, C., (2011). Reflexiones Sobre La Ley De Justicia Y Paz En Colombia, Sus Desafíos Y Aciertos. Revista de Derecho Comparado. 19, 43-68
Gilbert, G. and Sandoval, C., (2010). Cross-border conflict and international law. Accord. 22, 20-24
Sandoval, C., (2008). The Challenge of Impunity in Peru: The Significance of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Essex Human Rights Review. 5 (1), 1-20
Sandoval, C., (2005). A Critical View of the Protection of Refugees and IDPs by the Inter-American System of Human Rights: Re-assessing its Powers and Examining the Challenges for the Future. International Journal of Refugee Law. 17 (1), 43-66
Books (5)
Correa, C., Furuya, S. and Sandoval, C., (2020). Reparations for Victims of Armed Conflict. Cambridge University Press. 1108480950. 9781108480956
Cavallaro, JL., Vargas, C. and Bettinger-Lopez, C., (2019). Doctrine, Practice, and Advocacy in the Inter-American Human Rights System. Oxford University Press, USA. 0190900865. 9780190900861
Gilbert, G., Hampson, FJ. and Sandoval, C., (2010). The Delivery of Human Rights: Essays in honour of Professor Sir Nigel Rodley. Routledge. 9780415579926
Gilbert, G., Hampson, FJ. and Sandoval, C., (2010). Strategic Visions for Human Rights: Essays in Honour of Professor Kevin Boyle. Routledge. 9781136919329
Gilbert, G., Hampson, F. and Sandoval, C., (2010). The common introduction. 9780415579926
Book chapters (21)
Pérez, E. and Sandoval, C., (2022). Compliance hearings before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: unleashing the dynamics of implementation. In: Research Handbook on Implementation of Human Rights in Practice. Edward Elgar Publishing. 273- 290. 9781800372276
Sánchez León, NC. and Sandoval-Villalba, C., (2020). Go Big or Go Home? Lessons Learned from the Colombian Victims' Repration System. In: Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity Systems in Place and Systems in the Making. Second Revised Edition. Editors: Ferstman, C. and Goetz, M., . Koninklijke Brill NV. 547- 570. 978-90-04-37719-6
Sandoval, C., Cruz, M. and Ruiz Segovia, C., (2020). Victims’ Participation in Times of Covid-19 in Transitional Justice Accountability Mechanisms: What is Needed for Virtual Hearings to Fulfil this Right? The case of Colombia and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace. In: Covid-19, Law and Human Rights : Essex Dialogues. A Project of the School of Law and Human Rights Centre. Editors: Ferstman, C. and Fagan, A., . University of Essex. 73- 81. 978-1-5272-6632-2
Flynn, T., Fujita, S., Marique, Y., Osuji, O. and Sandoval, C., (2020). Global, Regional and Comparative Perspectives: A Discussion. In: Covid-19, Law and Human Rights : Essex Dialogues. A Project of the School of Law and Human Rights Centre. Editors: Ferstman, C. and Fagan, A., . University of Essex. 29- 30. 978-1-5272-6632-2
Sandoval-Villalba, C-L., (2020). Es posible deshacer el nudo gordiano de la reparacion en Colombia?. In: Reparacion en los Sistemas Transicionales en Colombia: Los Retos de Un Concepto en Construccion. Comision Colombiana de Juristas. 43- 68. 9789589348932
Sandoval-Villalba, C., (2017). Reflections on the Transformative Potential of Transitional Justice and the Nature of Social Change in Times of Transition. In: Justice mosaics: How Context Shapes Transitional Justice in Fractured Societies. Editors: Duthie, R. and Seils, P., . International Center for Transitional Justice. 978-0-9982829-0-9
Sandoval-Villalba, C., Murray, R. and Leach, P., (2016). The Duty to Investigate Right to Life Violations Across Three Regional Systems: Harmonisation or Fragmentation of International Law. In: Towards Convergence in International Human Rights Law: Approaches of Regional and International Systems. Editors: Buckley, C., Donald, A. and Leach, P., . Brill Nijhoff. 33- 67. 9789004284241
(2014). Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice. In: Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice. Routledge. 52- 72. 9780415524902
Sandoval, C., (2014). The Inter-American system of human rights and approach. In: Routledge Handbook of International Human Rights Law. 427- 443. 9780415620734
Sandoval-Villalba, C., Vidal, R. and Filippini, L., (2013). Linking Transitional Justice and Corporate Accountability. In: Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice. Editors: . Routledge. 9- 26. 9780415524902
(2010). Strategic Visions for Human Rights. Routledge. xix- xxvi. 0203844327. 9780203844328
Sandoval, C. and Duttwiler, M., (2010). Redressing Non-Pecuniary Damages of Torture Survivors: The Practice of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In: The Delivery of Human Rights: Essays in honour of Professor Sir Nigel Rodley. Editors: Gilbert, G., Hampson, FJ. and Sandoval, C., . Routledge. 114- 136. 9780415579926
Gilbert, G., (2010). Implementing Protection: What Refugee Law Can Learn from IDP Law... and Vice Versa. In: The Delivery of Human Rights: Essays in honour of Professor Sir Nigel Rodley. Editors: Gilbert, G., Hampson, FJ. and Sandoval, C., . Routledge. 183- 198. 9780415579926
Sandoval, C. and Duttwiler, M., (2010). Redressing non-pecuniary damages of torture survivors: The practice of the inter-American court of human rights. In: The Delivery of Human Rights: Essays in Honour of Professor Sir Nigel Rodley. Editors: Gilbert, G., Hampson, FJ. and Sandoval, C., . Routledge. 114- 136. 9780415579926
Gilbert, G., Hampson, F. and Sandoval, C., (2010). The common introduction. xxiii- xxx. 0203844351. 9780203844359
Lubell, N., (2010). Still waiting for the goods to arrive: The delivery of human rights to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In: The Delivery of Human Rights: Essays in Honour of Professor Sir Nigel Rodley. 199- 227. 9780415579926
Leader, S., (2010). Human rights, power, and the protection of free choice. In: Strategic Visions for Human Rights: Essays in Honour of Professor Kevin Boyle. Editors: Gilbert, G., Hampson, FJ. and Sandoval, C., . Routledge. 81- 90. 0203844327. 9780415579889
Gilbert, G., (2010). Law and human rights rather than international human rights law. In: Strategic Visions for Human Rights: Essays in Honour of Professor Kevin Boyle. Editors: Gilbert, G., Hampson, F. and Sandoval, C., . Routledge. 19- 33. 9781136919329
Gilbert, G., Hampson, F. and Sandoval, C., (2010). The common introduction. In: Strategic Visions for Human Rights: Essays in Honour of Professor Kevin Boyle. xix- xxvi. 9780415579889
(2009). Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity. In: Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: Systems in Place and Systems in the Making. Brill | Nijhoff. 7- 15. 9004377158. 9789004174498
Rubio-Marín, R., Sandoval, C. and Díaz, C., (2009). Repairing Family Members: Gross Human Rights Violations and Communities of Harm. In: The Gender of Reparations. Cambridge University Press. 215- 290. 9780521517928
Reports and Papers (9)
Sandoval-Villalba, C., Martínez Carrillo, H., Cruz Rodríguez, M., Zuluaga Afanador, N., Galindo Villarreal, J., Lovelle Moraleda, P., Vargas Trujillo, J., Romero Sánchez, A. and Rodríguez Daza, A., (2021). TOAR anticipados y Sanciones Propias: reflexión informada para la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
Sandoval-Villalba, C., Martínez Carrillo, H., Michael Cruz Rodríguez, Zuluaga Afanador, N., Galindo Villarreal, J., Moraleda, PL., Vargas Trujillo, J., Romero Sánchez, A. and Rodríguez Daza, A., (2021). Toars anticipados y sanciones propias. Reflexión informada para la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
Guillerot, J., Gilmore, S. and Sandoval, C., (2020). Beyond Silence and Stigma: Crafting a Gender-Sensitive Approach for Victims of Sexual Violence in Domestic Reparation Programmes
Sandoval-Villalba, C. and Miriam, P., (2018). Reparations for the Victims of Conflict in Iraq: Lessons Learned from Comparative Perspective
Marxsen, C., Peters, A., Beinlich, L., Brachthauser, F., Ferstman, C., Furuya, S., Lo Giacco, L., Haffner, A., Hartwig, M., van den Herik, L., Hofmann, R., Kazazi, M., Langmack, F-J., Moser, C., Neumann, T., Sandoval, CL., Sperfeldt, C., Wood, SM. and Wuehler, N., (2018). Reparation for Victims of Armed Conflict: Impulses from the Max Planck Trialogues
Sandoval, C., (2014). Guidance Note of the Secretary General - Reparations for Conflict Related Sexual Violence
Sandoval, C., (2014). Transitional Justice and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Sandoval, C., (2011). Transitional Justice: Key Concepts, Processes and Challenges
Sandoval, C., (2009). Rehabilitation as a Form of Reparation under International Law
Other (3)
Sandoval-Villalba, C. and Limon, P., (2016).Highlights of the 157th period of sessions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights,University of Essex Human Rights Centre Blog
Engstrom, P., Limon, P. and Sandoval-Villalba, C., (2016).#CIDHenCrisis: urgent action needed to save the regional human rights system in the Americas,Open Democracy
Sandoval, C., (2013).The Inter-American System and Approach,Routledge
Grants and funding
2021
Fulfilling the state obligation to investigate, prosecute and punish international crimes through alternatives to prison sentences - lessons from Colombia
British Academy
2020
Enabling Victims Participation at the Special Jurisdiction for Peace in Colombia and access to Reparation
University of Essex (GCRF)
Alternative Sanctions in Catatumbo: Exploring Punishment, Reparation and Victims� Participation
University of Essex (ESRC IAA)
2019
Legitimacy, accountability, victims' participation and reparation in transitional justice settings - lessons from and for Colombia
Arts and Humanities Research Council
2017
Including third party actors into the Colombian transitional justice process
University of Essex
2016
Reparations, Responsibility and Victimhood in Transnational Societies
Arts And Humanities Research Council
2015
Implementation and compliance with human rights law: An exploration of the interplay between the international, regional and national levels
Economic & Social Research Council
2014
Dealing with land destitution and structural inequalities in transitions
British Council
Contact
Academic support hours:
By appointment only. Please email csando@essex.ac.uk for an appointment
