SC102-4-AU-CO:
Crime, Control, and the City
2023/24
Sociology and Criminology
Colchester Campus
Autumn
Undergraduate: Level 4
Current
Thursday 05 October 2023
Friday 15 December 2023
15
14 September 2023
Requisites for this module
(none)
(none)
(none)
(none)
(none)
City space matters to criminology: it is the physical and symbolic locus where crime and disorder take place, where social conflicts manifest and aggravate, where social control and resistance to it are exercised, and where broader social harms and suffering are produced.
This module examines local responses to the governance of crime, seeking to understand conceptions of urban 'disorder' by attending closely to how communities experience rapidly changing and expanding city environments. The course contrasts public experiences of crime and crime control in the context of highly securitized, enclaved, and surveilled urban spaces in London, Karachi, Maputo and other unequal global cities. Drawing on theories and methodologies from criminology, sociology, and urban studies, the course asks students to consider the possible futures of public and private urban landscapes in the context of rapid urban development.
The aims of this module are:
• To critically engage students with the literature addressing crime, disorder, insecurity and social control in the city.
• To enable students to critically analyse and understand contemporary forms of social control and governance of crime, insecurity, and disorder in the urban milieu on a global scale.
• To provide students with opportunities to examine the role of the sensory and emotive dimensions to the understanding of the social constructions of urban space and deviance, as well as the social control of crime and disorder.
By the end of the module, students will be expected to be able to:
1. Understand how definitions of crime, insecurity, and disorder intersect with urban inequalities.
2. Understand how crime, deviance, and social control are intertwined with cultural meanings and representations of cities and urban spaces.
3. Conceptualise the complex relationship between urban space, harm, disorder and social control.
4. Demonstrate the ability to engage with methodologically innovative and international research on cities, crime, and control.
Syllabus Information
Theorizing the City
This first session will provide an overview of the module and will review the main criminological and sociological theories of crime, disorder and urban space.
Urban Space, Governance and Social Control
This second session will be focused on the literature on urban development in Europe, with case studies from Southeast Asia and East Africa. It will look into how urban regeneration transforms urban landscapes, and the effects of this governance for marginalised individuals and groups in the city. To understand social exclusion and social control in the contemporary city, this session will bring together interdisciplinary insights from sociology, criminology, urban studies and human geography.
Fear & Emotions in the Urban Realm
In this session, we will consider how emotions shape individual's experiences in and of the city, as well as definitions of 'problematic' or uncivil behaviour and its social control. The session will question the legitimacy of exclusionary anti-social regulations based exclusively on the emotional reactions of people holding power positions in society. How can we think critically about who and what comes to be defined as 'uncivil', and how emotion may be used in a pro-social way: to promote inclusion, diversity and tolerance?
Methodologies for an Urban Criminology
This session will be focused on traditional and innovative methodologies to research harm, crime, disorder and social control in the city. Students will use this session to begin to conceptualize their own observational studies of urban spaces in Colchester or London.
Urban Informality
This session will cover the different ways in which urban communities have resisted and engaged different forms of state control, as well as creating their own security arrangements within informal communities. Sites of intense political, economic and social struggle, this session seeks to develop a comprehensive understanding of the different ways that informal and formal groups converge in attempting to govern contested urban spaces.
Enclaving
What is enclaving, and how does it shape experiences of urban life? Urban enclaves may appear to outsiders as utopic, well-controlled spaces. However, taking a closer look at urban enclaves reveals a more complex reality for both residents and the broader urban environment in which they are situated. Students will examine the social, economic, and political consequences of the re-organization of space through enclaving in urban environments.
Urban Segregation and Securitization
What are the different strategies local communities use to generate 'security' in insecure spaces? How do these relate to experiences in starkly unequal global south cities? Drawing on the securitisation strategies adopted by middle-class residents of gated communities and relating these to those adopted by working class residents living in informal 'slum' settlements, students will consider how diverse engagements with security and control intersect with patterns of urban segregation to reproduce urban insecurity.
Policing Divided Cities
What models have cities used to address the 'problem' of security in increasingly divided urban spaces? The session will focus on postcolonial policing models, corporate mobilizations of security, and informal security practices in London and Karachi.
Governing Formal and Informal Economies
Using night-time economies as a case study, this session will examine why attitudes to different kinds of licit and illicit activities vary and change in different cultural settings. Focusing on how authorities respond to and seek to contain different social behaviours, the final sessions explore shifting strategies towards the governance of crime that focus increasingly on modifying emotion and behaviour.
Urban Futures
Smart cities are only one of many urban innovations designed to make work and leisure more efficient through the use of digital communication technologies. In recent years, 'smart' cities have increasingly been presented as risk-free and safe – in essence, one example of an imagination of the city of the future. Looking closely at smart cities, as well as other urban imaginaries, students draw on theories and concepts developed throughout the course to critically consider the social, cultural and environmental effects of new predictive technologies in urban spaces.
This module will be delivered via:
1. One 1-hour lecture per week
2. One 1-hour class per week
The lecture will introduce students to key concepts and relate these to empirical examples of how these apply in specific urban contexts. The class will follow this. It will work to clarify concepts and deepen student learning by involving students in small group activities and class discussion.
Students will also have access to a range of teaching and learning resources outside of the classroom. They will be provided with links to relevant short blogs, films, documentaries, and news reports for each week's topic through the module Moodle page. If possible, students will also be offered an optional city walk (in London or Colchester), along with the screening of a relevant movie. These activities will enable further investigation of topics addressed during classes.
These learning and teaching methods will foster inclusivity through:
• Making available module outlines and Moodle pages that clearly present logically structured weekly topics, and related learning expectations from students.
• Making a variety of learning materials (such as films, documentaries, blogs, fiction, and news articles) available via Moodle.
• Presenting best practices on how to relate theoretical concepts with real world experiences and contexts.
• Offering support to students via clearly communicated office hours, Moodle forum, and access to the Department's study support manager.
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Di Ronco, A. and Pers?ak, N. (eds) (2021)
Harm and disorder in the urban space: social control, sense and sensibility. New York, New York: Routledge. Available at:
https://doi-org.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/10.4324/9781003092643.
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O’Malley, P. and Smith, G.J. (2022) ‘“Smart” crime prevention? Digitization and racialized crime control in a Smart City’,
Theoretical Criminology, 26(1), pp. 40–56. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480620972703.
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Pali, B. and Schuilenburg, M. (2020) ‘Fear and Fantasy in the Smart City’,
Critical Criminology, 28(4), pp. 775–788. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09447-7.
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Kaldor, M. and Sassen, S. (eds) (2020)
Cities at War Global Insecurity and Urban Resistance. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Available at:
https://www-jstor-org.uniessexlib.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.7312/kald18538.
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Kaker, S.A. (2014) ‘Enclaves, insecurity and violence in Karachi’,
South Asian History and Culture, 5(1), pp. 93–107. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2013.863016.
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Sharp, J. (2008) ‘“Fortress SA”: Xenophobic violence in South Africa’,
Anthropology Today, 24(4), pp. 1–3. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8322.2008.00597.x.
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Arias, E.D. and Grisaffi, T. (eds) (2021)
Cocaine: from coca fields to the streets. Durham: Duke University Press. Available at:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1wsgrxt.
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Eichner, C. (2023)
How to make a revolution: the 1871 Paris Commune | Aeon Essays. Available at:
https://aeon.co/essays/how-to-make-a-revolution-the-1871-paris-commune.
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Gottbrath, L.-W. (2020)
In 2020, the Black Lives Matter movement shook the world | Racism | Al Jazeera. Available at:
https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/12/31/2020-the-year-black-lives-matter-shook-the-world.
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Philippe Bourgois (1989) ‘Crack in Spanish Harlem: Culture and Economy in the Inner City’,
Anthropology Today, 5(4), pp. 6–11. Available at:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3032654.
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Di Ronco, A. (2022) ‘Law in action: Local-level prostitution policies and practices and their effects on sex workers’,
European Journal of Criminology, 19(5), pp. 1078–1096. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370820941406.
The above list is indicative of the essential reading for the course.
The library makes provision for all reading list items, with digital provision where possible, and these resources are shared between students.
Further reading can be obtained from this module's
reading list.
Assessment items, weightings and deadlines
| Coursework / exam |
Description |
Deadline |
Coursework weighting |
| Coursework |
Journal |
|
80.00% |
| Practical |
Video Presentation |
|
20.00% |
Exam format definitions
- Remote, open book: Your exam will take place remotely via an online learning platform. You may refer to any physical or electronic materials during the exam.
- In-person, open book: Your exam will take place on campus under invigilation. You may refer to any physical materials such as paper study notes or a textbook during the exam. Electronic devices may not be used in the exam.
- In-person, open book (restricted): The exam will take place on campus under invigilation. You may refer only to specific physical materials such as a named textbook during the exam. Permitted materials will be specified by your department. Electronic devices may not be used in the exam.
- In-person, closed book: The exam will take place on campus under invigilation. You may not refer to any physical materials or electronic devices during the exam. There may be times when a paper dictionary,
for example, may be permitted in an otherwise closed book exam. Any exceptions will be specified by your department.
Your department will provide further guidance before your exams.
Overall assessment
Reassessment
Module supervisor and teaching staff
Yes
Yes
Yes
No external examiner information available for this module.
Available via Moodle
Of 22 hours, 22 (100%) hours available to students:
0 hours not recorded due to service coverage or fault;
0 hours not recorded due to opt-out by lecturer(s), module, or event type.
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