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Growing up as Guerrillas. |  |
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By Jan McGirk, 2 May 2001.
An
amateur video of guerrillas preparing and carrying out a jungle
attack, seized in a raid by security troops and aired on national
television, has shocked even war-weary Bogotá with its scenes of
children making missiles from cooking-gas cylinders and calmly
digging mass graves for comrades.
At least 6,000 children are believed to be fighting in Colombia’s
37-year insurgency, with 70 attacks this year. A third of the rebels
are female.
The 12-minute grainy tape, with a soundtrack of gunshots and
birdsong, shows Marxist rebels from the Revolutionary Armed Forces
of Colombia (FARC) as they blow up a mayor’s office and police
barracks in an unidentified southern town, rob a bank, then tuck
into an après-battle barbecue. Laughter and whoops of victory end
the session. “This is a demonstration of ruthlessness and cruelty,”
said the interior minister, Armando Estrada. “It’s scary because
these people could one day be governing this country.”
The footage, believed to be a training video, shows guerrillas,
some as young as 11, in camouflage and toying with their submachine
guns as a commander reads off items to bring to the attack:
grenades, explosives, mortars, and propane missiles. One lad
playfully sticks out his tongue at the camera and then shows off the
submachine gun he has strapped on his back like a school satchel.
The guerrillas stage marching drills and twirl their weapons
smartly as they march. The number of young boys and girls among the
ranks is startling. Afterward, they sit in front of a tattered map,
awaiting orders.
The attack was in central Tolima province, the army believes, but
there are too few landmarks to verify the exact spot. After the bank
is demolished, a rebel grins beside a heap of cash, then five police
officers offering to surrender are pinned to the floor, submachine
guns at their throats. Their fate is unknown. Town residents help
guerrillas set up mortar launchers and plant explosives in the
streets.
After the attack, teenage rebels, boys and girls, are shown
splashing in an idyllic jungle stream. Then an underage burial
squad, most wearing brown FARC T-shirts, shovels corpses into
hastily dug graves. Rough estimates put deaths in battles during the
past decade at 40,000, many civilians.
A FARC commander contacted by phone in the rebel demilitarized
zone in southern Colombia said he could not comment on the tape,
which was broadcast on Thursday by the network RCN after being
leaked by the attorney general’s office. “We go to bed at 8 o’clock
at night and this was aired after that,” said Simon Trinidad.
Colombian authorities have issued 1,300 arrest warrants for the
guerrillas, clearly identifying them in the tape of the attack.
Crimes cited range from subversion and kidnapping to terrorism and
murder.
In spite of pledging not to recruit fighters under 15, and even
releasing 60 youngsters last year to widespread publicity, FARC
leaders have no shortage of volunteer child soldiers. The power and
glamor of the rebels attract many homeless youngsters. The
international charity Save the Children says modern automatic hand
weapons are so light that children can use them easily. Underage
volunteers are welcomed by some rebels and by the paramilitary
squadrons newly declared terrorists by the United States.
Child soldiers often act as scouts or paramedics and are
considered expendable, easier to manipulate, and less costly to
feed. Some leaders prefer children because they can be bullied into
risky missions an adult would never accept.
Colombia’s National Department of Statistics recently released
figures on rebel fighters under 18. Some 34 percent volunteer out of
fascination for guerrilla weapons and uniforms, and an equal
percentage join from poverty just to eat. Some 17 percent were born
into the guerrillas, and 15 percent have been recruited against
their will. Some 18 percent of the youngsters interviewed said they
had killed at least once, and 40 percent had wounded someone.
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